Water, Glaciation, and Mass Wasting

Assignment : Water, Glaciation, and Mass Wasting (10%)
This assignment is worth 10% of your total course mark. There are 100 points available overall. Complete all parts of this assignment by responding to each question in the space provided.
Please type your answers directly into this document and submit the assignment to your Open Learning Faculty Member for grading when you are finished. Do not remove the questions, or the number of points for each question, from the document.
Please remember to reference concepts that you get from outside sources. Concepts from the textbook and course units do not need to be referenced, but images, tables, or copied fragments of text longer than a few words from any source need to have in-text citations and references. Refer to the “TRU Citation Guides” for citing references in your assignments. If you’re not sure about what you need to reference, please see Student Academic Integrity and refer specifically to the plagiarism section (VI, 4).
Part A: Short-Answer Questions (20 points in total)
Answer the following questions as succinctly as you can. None of the answers should be more than a couple of sentences (100 words or less).

1. Identify the forces that drive the hydrological cycle. (1 point)
2. Building dykes to prevent river flooding is useful, but there are some drawbacks. Describe some of the negative consequences. (2 points)
3. Explain why clay, which is typically highly porous, is also normally quite impermeable. (2 points)
4. Explain how over-pumping in one well could lead to another nearby well going dry. (2 points)
5. What was the approximate difference in mean global temperature between a glacial period and an interglacial period during the Pleistocene, and what is the origin of the Pleistocene glacial fluctuations? (2 points)
6. The following diagram is a copy of Figure 16.2.7 from the textbook. Explain why the rate of ice motion (blue arrows) increases up to a certain point, and then remains the same from there to the surface of a glacier. (3 points)

7. What are the textural characteristics of lodgement till? (2 points)
8. Describe how weaknesses within a body of rock (fractures, bedding, foliation, etc.) can contribute to mass wasting. (2 points)
9. Explain how the motion of a slide (either translational or rotational) differs from that of a flow. (2 points)
10. From the perspective of not contributing to mass wasting, what should be the primary consideration when constructing a building near to the top of a potentially unstable slope? (2 points)

References
Earle, S. (2019). Physical geology (2nd ed.). BCcampus. https://opentextbc.ca/physicalgeology2ed/