Vancouver Referencing

VANCOUVER REFERENCING

Vancouver referencing is a numbered system mainly used in medicine and sciences such as Biology. Vancouver referencing is unique in that each source is given a unique number. In Vancouver referencing a sequentially numbered list of reference is given at the end of the text that corresponds to the in-text citations. Vancouver referencing adheres to the rules set by International Commission of Medical Journal Edition. Superscript numbers are used to reference in-text in Vancouver referencing.

Vancouver referencing guide involves: Books, journals, online sources, image visuals and other source types.

IN-TEXT CITATION GUIDE

In Vancouver referencing, in-text citations are used when you quote someone else’s work or paraphrase it from a secondary source. Below is a guide that has been compiled together by All Homework Solutions for amateurs and even professionals seeking further clarification in Vancouver referencing.

• A superscript number in Vancouver referencing is allocated to a source in the order of citation. If the source is referred to more than once, then the same number is used.

• Vancouver referencing uses Arabic number scheme in allocation to the relevant sources. (1,2,3,4).

• Ensure that punctuation is adhered to all through the text.

• Reference numbers are placed after full stops and commas in Vancouver referencing. Reference numbers are placed to the left or inside colons and semi colons.

• In Vancouver referencing, both square or curved brackets can be used consistently through the text.

BOOKS

Vancouver referencing relies heavily on sources from books just as any other reference style. It is of paramount importance to ensure that you get this section right. All Homework Solutions has broken down this section into brief and simple explanations with relevant examples.

Vancouver referencing for books with one author:

(Number) Last name, first initial. Title. Edition (if not the first edition of the book). City of publication: Publisher; Year.

(4) Smith, A. Medical Advancements in Surgery. Nottingham: Delectable Publications; 2014.

(4) Smith, B. Medical Advancements in Surgery. 3rd ed. Nottingham: Delectable Publications;

2014.

Vancouver referencing for a book with two or more authors

In Vancouver referencing, if they are two or more authors, then you only list the first author followed by “et al”. However, as you write your references ensure that you write al the authors names.

(Number) Last name, first initial and Last name, first initial. Title. Edition (if not the first edition of the book). City of publication: Publisher; Year.

For example:

(3) Alexander, F. and Hughes, S.  Administrative Law. Nottingham: Delectable Publications; 2006.

(5) Smith, D., McDonald, F. and Johnson, T. Administrative Law. Nottingham: Delectable Publications; 2008.

Citations for a chapter in an edited book

Citing chapters can be quite confusing in Vancouver referencing, All Homework Solutions offer a simplified guide on how to go about it.

In citing an individual chapter ensure you include the edition of the book. When citing an individual chapter in a larger book ensure you include the page ranges.

(Number) Last name, first initial. Chapter title. In: Editor’s name/s (ed/s) Book Title. Edition. City of publication: Publisher; Year. Page/s.

For example:

(7) Alexander, S. The best maize plantations globally. In: Loftus, E. (ed.) Maize plantations: A Guide, 1st ed. Nottingham: Delectable Publications; 2010. p. 28-46.

Citations for multiple books with same author

In Vancouver referencing, multiple books with same author will be cited chronologically according to Publication. However, if they are two publications in the same year then, they will be denoted using ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ after the year.

For example:

(Number) Last name, first initial. (Year). Title. Edition (if not the first edition of the book). City of publication: Publisher.

(1) Alexander, S. Maize Plantations. Nottingham: Delectable Publications; 2012.

(2) Alexander, S. Apple Vineyards. Nottingham: Delectable Publications; 2014.

(3) Alexander, S. Millet Plantations. Nottingham: Delectable Publications; 2015a.

(4) Alexander, S. Corn Plantations. Nottingham: Delectable Publications; 2015b.

ARTICLES

All Homework Solutions offers a guide on how to maneuver around both printed and online journal articles in Vancouver referencing.

• Enter the author’s surname followed by not more than two initials

• If the authors are more than one, then enter all the names separated by a comma.

• If the authors are more than six then list the first six and ‘et al’ subsequently.

• Journal titles are usually abbreviated, for further information on correct abbreviations log onto All Homework Solutions.

• Months are abbreviated till the first three letters and not followed by a full stop.

• The volume number must be given followed subsequently by the issue number in brackets.

• Digital Object Identifier(DOI) is a unique identifier and must be provided in instances where it is available

Citations for Print Journals

(Number) Last name, First initial. Article Title. Journal name, Year; Volume(Issue), Page/s.

Example: (10) Alexander, S. Role of Conventional Radiographs in Detection of Kidney Stones, Urinary Tract System Research, 1996; Volume 5(8), p. 49-59.

Citations for Journals Accessed on a Website

In Vancouver referencing, in-text citations for an online journal does not differ from print, however, it is recommended to add a DOI or URL in cases where the latter is unavailable.

Example: (Number) Last name, First initial. (Year). Article Title. Journal name, Volume (Issue), Page/s. Available from: URL or DOI. [Accessed: date].

(15) Alexander, O. Role of Conventional Radiographs in Detection of Kidney Stones. Urinary Tract System Research, 1996; Volume 5(8), pp. 47-59. Available at: www.urinarytractresearchjournal.com/alexandersmith [Accessed: 5 June 2016]

CITATIONS FOR NEWSPAPERS

Newspaper citations in Vancouver referencing is similar to journals, except formatting of online newspapers.

Example:

(1) Bell, Y. National Health Committee Funds Free Cancer Screening for Women. The Weekly Herald; Year. p. 4.

(2) Bell, Y. Cancer Screening. The Weekly Herald; 2015. p.21. Available at: www.theweeklyheraldonline.com/freakyeaters2015 [Accessed 21 June 2016].

CITATIONS FOR WEBSITES

In citing websites, the writer must accredit the author of the content.

Example:

(Number) Author/Source if no specific author. Title of web document/page. Available at: URL [Accessed date: Day/Month/Year].

(14) CancerFoundation. Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Available at: www.cancerarticles.com/breastcancerfoundation [Accessed 20 June 2016].

CITATIONS FOR EMAILS

(Number) Sender’s last name, First initial. Email sent to: Recipient’s Name. Date.

Example:

(8) Alexander, S. Email sent to: Frankenstein Banton. 19th July 2016

AUDIO VISUAL MEDIUM

Citations for DVD

(Number) Full Title of Film/Video/DVD. Country of Origin: Film studio or maker; Year. Item Description.

Example: Subbarao M. Tough cases in carotid stenting [DVD]. Woodbury (CT): Cine-Med, Inc.; 2003. 1 DVD: sound, color, 4 3/4 in.

Citations for Broadcasts

(Number) Series title and episode name/number. Channel number: Broadcaster; Year.

Example: (4) Food network: China, episode 6. BBC 2: BBC; 2017

CITATION FOR REPORTS

(Number) Author/editor’s last name, first initial. Full title of report. Organisation. Report number, Year.

Example: (12) Alexander, S. A report on increased child mortality rates in South America. Ministry of Health. Report number: 150, 2015.

CITATIONS FOR DISSERTATIONS

(Number) Last name of author, first initial. Title of dissertation [Level]. Official name of university; year.

Example: (14) Alexander, S. An examination of lung metastases in Stage 2 breast cancer [Masters level]. Oxford Brookes University; 2008.

CITATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT REPORTS

Below is an elaborate guide drafted by All Homework Solutions on citing government reports and publications in Vancouver referencing.

• Include page numbers in an abbreviated format in Vancouver referencing.

• In cases with no authors, list all editors followed by a comma and the word editor(s).

• Only the first word of the title is capitalized in Vancouver referencing, or words that are normally capitalized.

• In cases where the author and organization are mentioned in Vancouver referencing, only mention the authors name.

• In Vancouver referencing, where the author is an organization, quote the full name of the organization and the country of origin in parenthesis. In quoting the country, ensure you use the two-letter code of Citing Medicine available at All Homework Solutions.

Example:

(Number) Government agency/Last name of author, first initial. Title of document. City of publication: publisher; Year Page(s) if relevant.

(2) UK Government. Cancer Prevalence in Women. London: Government Publications; 2007 p. 7-20.

CITATIONS FOR INTERVIEWS

(Number) Last name of interviewer, first initial. Title/description of interview. Location: Year.

Example: (11) Alexander, S. Discussing breast cancer. London: 2006.

CITATIONS FOR LECTURES

(Number) Last name of author, first initial. Presentation/lecture title. Format presented at; Year; Location.

Example: (16) Alexander, S. The benefits of exercise in curbing arthritis. Presentation; 2017; Manchester.

CITATIONS FOR MUSIC

(Number) Performer/writer’s last name, first initial. Recording title. City published: music label; year

Example:

(7) Harry, F. Markle. Nottingham: Delectable Music; 2011.

CITATIONS FOR DICTIONARIES

(Number) Publisher. Full title of dictionary. Edition. Year. Place of publication: Publisher. Page/s.

Example:

Title of encyclopedia [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; year. Title of article; [updated YYYY Mon DD; cited YYYY Mon DD]; [# of pages/screens]. Available from: URL

A.D.A.M. medical encyclopedia [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): A.D.A.M., Inc.; c2005. Ear barotrauma; [updated 2006 Oct 20; cited 2006 Nov 16]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001064.htm

CITATIONS FOR ACTS OF PARLIAMENT

(Number) Short title (key words capitalized) section/chapter number/s. Place of publication: Publisher; year.

(19) Corruption Act 1995 (c5). London: Official Publications; 1995.

TIPS TO TAKE AWAY

Vancouver referencing is strict with punctuation, just like any referencing style, we advise students to always use grammar checkers that are available on All Homework Solutions. This ensures that your work is devoid of any mistakes that could be misleading to the readers.

Positive attitude is highly recommended, as Vancouver referencing is not difficult to grasp.

With the above guide on Vancouver referencing, we at All Homework Solutions ensure you to have a flawless text. All the best.