What do you observe when using the method of observation? Typically, you focus on different aspects in an observation, observing people, their actions, interactions and body language, and observing places and social settings in which the actions occur. Both dimensions make up an observation; however, depending on the purpose of your observation, you may focus on certain aspects than others. By observing all dimensions, you are able to gain a deeper insight into the norms and values surrounding behavior and the social context in which this is derived.
A common reason for conducting observation is to understand people’s behavior within their own socio-cultural setting. This is done by focusing on the actions and interactions of people while they are in their own social setting. Observation involves watching what people do (or do not do), listening to what they say and how they say it, and observing how people interact. So rather than asking people about their behavior, as you do in in-depth interviews, you watch their behavior. With observation, you are able to view what people actually do, so you learn about how people really behave, and also, how certain behaviors are influenced by the situation or context in which they are conducted. For example, does a person spend more time sorting trash into the garbage vs. recycling if s/he is with a friend or child? At home, does a family member spend more time washing plastic and glass containers before recycling? In the workplace, do co-workers sort their trash, especially paper, into a recycling bin?
As an archaeologist for this study, you will use non-participant observation, to identify how people use the garbage can, the recycling bin, and/or compost bin. You are a passive participation; you do not interact or participate in the activities but observe and record your observations from a nearby vantage point. You observe the people and activities in the location
For this type of observation, you do not participate, but only focus on observing the people and conversations at the location. You are studying the behavior of disposal activities. For example, in a crowded location you can easily mingle with a crowd to observe activities. You do not want to influence the setting. Observe the rhythm of activities and try not to disturb them. You do not want them to know they are being observed which could change the subject’s behavior.
When writing field notes the researcher should include descriptive as well as inferential data. It is important to describe the setting and the mood in a detailed manner. All such things that may change behavior need to be noted. Especially reflect upon your presence.
POST: (15 POINTS = 15 SENTENCES MINIMUM)
You will observe and study the behaviors of individuals at a location near garbage, recycling and/or composting cans, either within the home, workplace or restaurant. You will examine the relationship between the known behaviors and the material remains they leave behind.
Pick a garbage or trash can that is typically used on a daily basis that is next to a recycling and/or composting can. Note the location with respect to daily behaviors in the location you are studying. Make a detailed log of activities that you observe or know that are taking place around the container.
Answer these questions as you critically analyze the data:
- What are the activities around the can(s)?
- Did all the activities leave a trace in the trash?
- Which items were thrown away, recycled, or composted?
- Did the subject’s behavior change if s/he was alone vs. in a group?
- Do you think that you changed the behavior noticeably by observing?
- Does the behavior reflect a need to improve education and info on recycling?
- Are there any other interpretations you can make about these people?
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