Digestive Function

Instructions
Substantive content is imperative for all posts. All discussion prompt elements for the topic must be addressed. Please proofread your response carefully for grammar and spelling. Do not upload any attachments unless specified in the instructions. All posts should be supported by a minimum of three scholarly resource, ideally within the last 5 years. Journals and websites must be cited appropriately. Citations and references must adhere to APA format.
Classroom Participation
All discussion boards will be evaluated utilizing rubric criterion inclusive of content, analysis, collaboration, writing and APA. If you fail to post an initial discussion or initial discussion is late, you will not receive points for content and analysis.
Initial Response
Instructions:
Read the following case study and answer the posed questions
Case #1: A 64-year-old man presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain and distention, as well as constipation of 8 days’ duration. He denies vomiting, fever, diarrhea, or dysuria. Except for hypertension, he is otherwise healthy with no prior surgeries.
His vital signs are normal except for a borderline pulse of 99 bpm. His physical examination is unremarkable except for his abdomen, which is large, rotund, and tympanitic. There is diffuse tenderness everywhere in the abdomen.

1. What history would you want to obtain?
2. What differential diagnoses would you consider?
3. List and describe the specific diagnostic tests you might order to determine cause of his concern?
   Case #2:
   Kyle is a 58-year-old man who is experiencing lower abdominal discomfort nausea and diarrhea lasting 2 days. He thought he had eaten something that “disturbed his stomach” but since this has lasted so long, he is afraid it’s something serious.
4. As you obtain a history from this patient what differential diagnoses are you considering. Give rational for your choices.
5. Discuss the pathophysiologic relationship between nausea and vomiting?
   Three days after Kyle’s initial visit his labs confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis.
6. Discuss the pathophysiologic relationship between cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
   Cite current research findings, national guidelines, and expert opinions and controversies found in the medical and nursing literature to support your position and suggestions.
   Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
   APA 7TH EDITION
   REFERENCES LESS THAN 5 YEARS
   3 REFERENCES FOR EACH CASE STUDY FOR A TOTAL OF 6
   6 PAGES ONE FOR EACH QUESTION
   PLEASE PUT THE QUESTION HEADERS FIRST