The Use of ANOVAs and Their Non-Parametric

A Pilot Investigation of the Perceived Motor Competence of Children
The researchers used three different instruments to assess the children’s perceptions of motor competence: the Perceived Physical Competence subscale of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance, the Test of Perceived Motor Competence for Children with Visual Impairments, and the Self-Perception Profile for Children (Brian et al., 2018). The researchers used the test to assess perceptions of motor competence across a wide developmental range (age 3-13 years) and to accommodate children with and without visual impairments. The identified variables in this study were vision status (children with visual impairments versus sighted children), age (3-7 years old versus 8-13 years old), and gender (boys versus girls). The key test statistics reported were: a significant main effect for vision- F (1, 34) =17.12, p, .001; n2= .36, a significant main effect for age- F(1,34) = 6.99, p = .003; n2 = .18, and no significant main effect for gender – F (1, 34)= .001,p =.981; n2 =.00 (Brian et al., 2018). The researchers of this study concluded that children with visual impairments demonstrated significantly lower perceptions of motor competence compared to their sighted peers. Additionally, older children (8-13 years) showed significantly lower perceptions of motor competence than younger children (3-7 years), regardless of vision status (Brian et al., 2018). The researchers also highlighted the importance of developing motor competence early in childhood, as these perceptions predict physical activity engagement and motor skill development (Brian et al., 2018).
The Safety of Herbal Medicines (Phytovigilance) from Community Pharmacists’
The researchers used a student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA for statistical analyses (Memişoğlu & Otlatici, 2022). The researchers used the student’s t-test to compare the mean values of more than two groups (Memişoğlu & Otlatici, 2022). The variables used in the tests included Pharmacists’ age, Pharmacists’ working experience, Pharmacists’ knowledge and familiarity with the concept of phytovigilance, Pharmacists’ priorities in herbal product selection, and Pharmacists’ perceptions and attitudes towards the safety of herbal medicines (Memişoğlu & Otlatici, 2022). A statistically significant difference was found between the working experience and knowledge of phytovigilance (p<0.001). A significant difference was observed between the working experience of the pharmacist and the knowledge of how to obtain the reporting form (p<0.006). A significant difference was determined between the importance of the safety of herbal medicines and the working experience of pharmacists (p<0.05) (Memişoğlu & Otlatici, 2022). The researchers concluded that the results of this study revealed the necessity of increasing training on the safety of herbal medicines to cover all stakeholders and to give due importance to phytovigilance. The phytovigilance systems established in some countries should be expanded to others, and there is a need for a more user-friendly reporting system to increase the reporting of adverse reactions by pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. Authorities should establish a phytovigilance system that identifies the possible risks and monitors adverse reactions to herbal products (Memişoğlu & Otlatici, 2022).

References
Brian, A. S., Haegele, J. A., Bostick, L., Lieberman, L. J., & Nesbitt, D. (2018). A pilot investigation of the perceived motor competence of children with visual impairments and those who are sighted. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 112(1), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482×1811200112
Memişoğlu, M., & Otlatici, G. (2022). The safety of herbal medicines (phytovigilance) from community pharmacists’ perspective: A cross-sectional study. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19(3), 280–286. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.77178