Recording Devices in the Classroom

The Question:  How do recording devices used in the classroom to record lectures affect the memories of college students?

1. a) What kinds of recording devices are college students using? Why are they using them? How are they using the recording afterwards? What is the prevalence?
2. b) Is there data indicating memory performance prior to the use of recorders? Is there data indicating memory performance changes when recorders are used? Should students be using these devices?
3. c) Is there any indication that the use of recorders is ideal due to the workload of college students and practicality issues with how much is required to be memorized? Is there any indication that students benefit from the use of recorders due, for example, to reviewing the information more times than they otherwise would? What better way would there be to address the problem of memory retention in college students beyond the use of recorders?